Piston ya moteri yimodoka nikimwe mubice byingenzi bya moteri, ni hamwe nimpeta ya piston, pin piston nibindi bice byitsinda rya piston, hamwe numutwe wa silinderi nibindi bice hamwe kugirango bibe urugereko rwaka, bihangane ningufu za gaze hanyuma uhe imbaraga kuri crankshaft unyuze kuri piston pin no guhuza inkoni kugirango urangize inzira yimikorere ya moteri yaka imbere.
Kuberako piston iri mumuvuduko mwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukora akazi gakomeye, ariko kandi no kuzirikana imikorere yoroshye kandi iramba ya moteri, birasabwa ko piston nayo igomba kugira imbaraga zihagije no gukomera, imiyoboro myiza yubushyuhe, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, coefficient ntoya yo kwaguka (ingano nuburyo ihinduka kuba nto), ugereranije n'ubucucike buto (uburemere bworoshye), kwambara no kurwanya ruswa, ariko kandi nigiciro gito.Bitewe nibisabwa byinshi kandi bihanitse, bimwe mubisabwa biravuguruzanya, biragoye kubona ibikoresho bya piston bishobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa.
Piston ya moteri igezweho muri rusange ikozwe muri aluminiyumu, kubera ko aluminiyumu ifite ibyiza byubucucike buto hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro, ariko mugihe kimwe, ifite ibibi bya coefficient nini yo kwaguka ugereranije nubushobozi buke bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, bushobora gusa byujujwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyubaka.Kubwibyo, ubwiza bwa moteri yimodoka ntibiterwa gusa nibikoresho byakoreshejwe, ahubwo biterwa nubushishozi bwibishushanyo.
Hariho ibice ibihumbi mirongo mumodoka, uhereye kumatiku na bokisi ya bokisi kugeza kumesa yamashanyarazi na bolts na nuts.Igice cyose gifite uruhare rwacyo, nkimpeta ya piston "nto", isa nkiyoroshye uhereye kumiterere, uburemere bworoshye cyane, igiciro nacyo gihenze cyane, ariko uruhare ntakibazo gito.Bitabaye ibyo, imodoka ntishobora kugenda, niyo yaba ifite ikibazo gito, imodoka ntizisanzwe, haba gukoresha peteroli nyinshi, cyangwa ingufu zidahagije.Muguhuza itsinda rya piston yose hamwe na silinderi, itsinda rya piston rwose rihuza urukuta rwa silinderi ya silinderi ni impeta ya piston, yuzuza icyuho kiri hagati ya piston nurukuta rwa silinderi kugirango ufunge icyumba cyaka, bityo rero ni na byoroshye kwambara igice muri moteri.Impeta ya piston muri rusange ikozwe mubyuma, ifite urwego runaka rwa elastique, ifite imiterere itandukanye yibice byambukiranya, kandi ifite igifuniko hejuru kugirango yongere imikorere.Iyo moteri ikora, piston izashyuha kandi yongere, bityo impeta ya piston ifite icyuho gifunguye.
Kugirango ugumane ubukana mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, icyuho cyo gufungura impeta ya piston kigomba guhindagurika.Piston ikunze kugira impeta za piston eshatu kugeza enye, zigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri byimpeta ya gaze nimpeta ya peteroli ukurikije imirimo yabo itandukanye.Impeta ya gaze yashyizwe mumurongo wimpeta hejuru yumutwe wa piston kugirango wirinde umwuka, kwimura ubushyuhe bwumutwe wa piston kurukuta rwa silinderi, no kwimura ubushyuhe bwa piston.Igikorwa cyimpeta yamavuta nugukumira amavuta yo kwisiga yinjira mubyumba byaka, hanyuma ugasiba amavuta arenze amavuta kurukuta rwa silinderi agasubira kumasafuriya, ashyirwa mumashanyarazi yo hepfo yimpeta ya gaze.Mugihe cyose ibisabwa mumikorere ya kashe byemejwe, umubare wimpeta ya piston nturi munsi yumubare mwiza, umubare wimpeta ya piston nturi munsi y’ahantu ho guterana, kugabanya gutakaza ingufu, no kugabanya uburebure bwa piston, bigabanya kandi uburebure bwa moteri.
Niba impeta ya piston yashizwemo nabi cyangwa gufunga ntabwo ari byiza, bizatera amavuta kurukuta rwa silinderi gutwika hamwe nicyumba cyaka hamwe nuruvange, bigatuma amavuta yaka.Niba itandukaniro riri hagati yimpeta ya piston nurukuta rwa silinderi ari ruto cyane cyangwa impeta ya piston igumye mumurongo wimpeta kubera kwirundanya kwa karubone, nibindi, mugihe piston ikora ingendo yo kwisubiraho hejuru no hepfo, birashoboka ko yakuramo silinderi urukuta, kandi nyuma yigihe kinini, ruzakora umwobo wimbitse kurukuta rwa silinderi, bikunze kuvugwa ko "gukurura silinderi".Urukuta rwa silinderi rufite ibinono, kandi gufunga ni bibi, nabyo bizatera amavuta gutwika.Kubwibyo, imikorere ya piston igomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kugirango wirinde ko habaho ibintu bibiri byavuzwe haruguru kandi urebe neza ko moteri ikora neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-03-2023